Mla if a Quote Is Already Mentioned Cite It Again Mla
MLA In-text Citations | A Consummate Guide (9th Edition)
An MLA in-text citation provides the author's last name and a page number in parentheses.
If a source has two authors, name both. If a source has more than than ii authors, name only the first author, followed by "et al."
If the role you're citing spans multiple pages, include the full folio range. If y'all want to cite multiple not-consecutive pages at the same fourth dimension, separate the page numbers with commas.
| Number of authors | Case |
|---|---|
| 1 author | (Moore 37) |
| ii authors | (Moore and Patel 48–l) |
| 3+ authors | (Moore et al. 59, 34) |
Each in-text commendation must correspond to a full reference in the listing of Works Cited. You tin can create and save your citations with the gratuitous Scribbr Citation Generator.
Where to include an MLA in-text citation
Place the parenthetical citation directly after the relevant quote or paraphrase, and earlier the flow or other punctuation marking (except with cake quotes, where the citation comes later the menses).
If you have already named the author in the judgement, add only the page number in parentheses. When mentioning a source with 3 or more authors outside of parentheses, use "and others" or "and colleagues" in place of "et al."
- MLA is the 2nd nearly popular citation manner (Smith and Morrison 17–19).
- Co-ordinate to Smith and Morrison, MLA is the second most popular commendation style (17–19).
- APA is past far "the most used citation style in the The states" (Moore et al. 74), only it is less dominant in the U.k. (Smith xvi).
- Moore and colleagues state that APA is more than popular in the U.s. than elsewhere (74).
Combining citations
If a sentence is supported by more than one source, y'all can combine the citations in a single set of parentheses. Split up the ii sources with a semicolon.
Livestock farming is i of the biggest global contributors to climatic change (Garcia 64; Davies xiv).
Consecutive citations of the same source
If you cite the same source repeatedly within a paragraph, y'all can include the total citation the get-go fourth dimension you lot cite it, so just the folio number for subsequent citations.
MLA is the second most popular citation style (Smith and Morrison 17–19). It is more popular than Chicago style, but less pop than APA (21).
You tin can practise this equally long as it remains articulate what source you're citing. If you cite something else in between or showtime a new paragraph, reintroduce the full commendation once again to avert ambiguity.
For sources with no named author, the in-text commendation must match the first element of the Works Cited entry. This may be the proper name of an system, or the title of the source.
If the source title or arrangement name is longer than four words, shorten information technology to the start word or phrase in the in-text citation, excluding any articles (a, an, and the). The shortened title or organization name should begin with the give-and-take the source is alphabetized past in the Works Cited.
Follow the general MLA rules for formatting titles: If the source is a self-contained work (e.g. a whole website or an entire book), put the title in italics; if the source is independent within a larger whole (e.1000. a page on a website or a chapter of a book), put the championship in quotation marks.
| Total source championship or system proper noun | In-text commendation |
|---|---|
| Amnesty International Report 2017/2018: The State of the World's Human Rights | (Immunity International Written report 187) |
| "Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions" | ("Sources") |
| "A Quick Guide to Proofreading" | ("Quick Guide") |
| National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Academy | (National Academy 24) |
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See editing example
Citing sources with no page numbers
If a source does not have page numbers only is divided into numbered parts (east.thousand. chapters, sections, scenes, Bible books and verses, Articles of the Constitution, or timestamps), utilise these numbers to locate the relevant passage.
If the source does not use any numbering system, include only the author's name in the in-text citation. Don't include paragraph numbers unless they are explicitly numbered in the source.
| Source type | What to do | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Source divided into numbered parts | Add a comma after the author and requite a paragraph, department, or chapter number with a relevant abbreviation. | (Luxemburg, ch. 26) |
| Play with numbered lines | Include the act, scene, and line numbers, separated by periods, instead of a folio number. | (Shakespeare i.2.95) |
| Audiovisual source | Include the time range as displayed in the media player. | (Wynn 10:23–45) |
| Source with no numbered divisions | Include but the author's name (or, if in that location is no author, the shortened title). | (Rajaram) |
Notation that if in that location are no numbered divisions and you accept already named the author in your sentence, then no parenthetical commendation is necessary.
Citing dissimilar sources with the same author name
If your Works Cited page includes more than one entry under the same last name, you lot need to distinguish between these sources in your in-text citations.
Multiple sources by the aforementioned author
If you cite more than 1 work by the same author, add together a shortened title to signal which source yous are referring to.
(Butler, "Performative Acts" 522)
In this example, the start source is a whole book, so the title appears in italics; the second is an article published in a journal, so the title appears in quotation marks.
Different authors with the same terminal name
To distinguish between different authors with the same last proper noun, employ the authors' initials (or, if the initials are the same, total kickoff names) in your in-text citations:
(J. Butler 27)
Citing sources indirectly
Sometimes yous might want to cite something that you found quoted in a secondary source. If possible, always seek out the original source and cite it straight.
If you lot can't access the original source, make sure to proper noun both the original writer and the author of the source that you lot accessed. Use the abbreviation "qtd. in" (curt for "quoted in") to indicate where you institute the quotation.
In these cases, merely the source you accessed directly is included in the Works Cited listing.
Oftentimes asked questions about MLA in-text citations
- How practice I cite information from a footnote in MLA style?
-
Some source types, such equally books and journal articles, may contain footnotes (or endnotes) with additional data. MLA style provides guidelines for referring to information from a note in an in-text citation:
- To cite information from a unmarried numbered annotation, write "due north" after the page number, and then write the annotation number, e.chiliad. (Smith 105n2)
- To cite information from multiple numbered notes, write "nn" and include a range, e.yard. (Smith 77nn1–2)
- To cite information from an unnumbered note, write "un" after the page number, with a space in betwixt, e.yard. (Jones 250 un)
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